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Ramblings
Almost a month ago, Richard Flynn of UsingEnglish.com asked me to write a piece on Jamaican English. He also said he was a regular reader of my blog. I was honoured by the request and the statement, but also nervous, as I had never been asked to write an article before, and certainly not on a difficult subject like this. But after weeks of delay, I have finally written it. I originally intended to call it “My thoughts on…Jamaican English”, but Jamaican patois isn’t really English. It is a fusion of English, African, Amerindian and Spanish, born out of colonialism, as the slaves and the plantation owners needed some way to communicate. The “Africaness” of Jamaican patois can be seen in how the words are pronounced, and the “Englishness” can be seen in how similar the words are to English words, like “yeh” (yes). The term “patois” has negative connotations, so to bring more dignity to the language, linguists term it as “creole,” a language built from a mixture of other languages.
Apart from Jamaica, it is spoken in London, Toronto, Miami, just about anywhere Jamaicans settle in great numbers. It is said to be eating away at native dialects in those places. In Britain for example, it is replacing the traditional Cockney as the accent used by teens, a testament to the infectious nature of the language. Most Jamaicans speak it or have the ability to speak it, yet strangely English is still considered our official language. This is probably because of two reasons. The fact that Jamaican patois is not considered an official languge, despite the efforts of local linguists, or that patois is still considered a language for the lower classes, despite the efforts of Miss Lou and other cultural icons to make the language more socially acceptable.
In recent times, the language has been used as a means of expression and rebellion. Dancehall artistes use it in their songwriting to connect with the underprivileged in the ghettos, who are their biggest fans. Dancehall also adds many terms to the language, terms that are popular with today’s youth. Rastafarians use it to rebel against “Babylon”, the corrupt establishment, since proper English is an import from the days of slavery. They recognize Jamaican Creole as their own, and fully embrace it. Given Jamaica’s small size, one wouldn’t expect variations in the language. But there are. In urban areas, people speak a diluted form of patois, mixed with a lot of standard English. In the inner cities, a much coarser patois is spoken, where a lot of stress is put on the vowels. In the rural areas, patois much like the type Miss Lou promotes is spoken. It is closer to the patois of slavery days, as words such as “Massa” (Master) are still used.
In conclusion, Jamaican patois is not “Bad English,” though it has English origins. It’s not English either, as any first time visitor to Jamaica will tell you. It is a beautiful language with as much variety and richness as our people, and, in my opinion, is one of the most beautiful languages on the planet. And how could I end this piece without giving some examples of Jamaican words? Here are some common ones used. “Deh” (There), “Pickney” (Child), “Gwaan” (Go on), “Nyam” (Eat), “Likkle” (Little), “Weh” (Where). Here are some Jamaican phrases and a dictionary of them if you want to brush up on or learn Jamaican patois.